Hemimegalencephaly

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare cerebral malformation characterized by overgrowth of all or part of a cerebral hemisphere, often with ipsilateral severe cortical dysplasia or dysgenesis, white matter hypertrophy and dilated lateral ventricle, presenting in early infancy with progressive hemiparesis, severe psychomotor retardation and intractable seizures. Hemimegalencephaly may be an isolated finding or associated with other syndromes such as angioosteohypertrophic syndrome, epidermal nevus syndrome and Ito hypomelanosis (see these terms). Management includes seizure control by antiepileptic medications and early hemispherectomy.



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Narrow down the case reports



Total: 167 (papers)

  


(per page)
Matched Phenotype  Gene  Mutation  MeSH
Rank
(Similarity)
PMID
(PMCID)
1
(48.8%)
22884750
[Macrocephaly-capillary malformation. A neonatal case].
Coste K, Sarret C, Cisse A, Delabaere A, Francannet C, Vanlieferinghen P.
Arch Pediatr. 2012;19(9):917-20.
Macrocephaly Syndactyly
Females Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Macrocephaly Skin Diseases, Vascular Telangiectasis
1
(48.8%)
18816642
(2819374)
Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, and epidermal nevi (CLOVE) syndrome: CNS malformations and seizures may be a component of this disorder.
Gucev ZS, Tasic V, Jancevska A, Konstantinova MK, Pop-Jordanova N, Trajkovski Z, Biesecker LG.
Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146A(20):2688-90.
Cranial asymmetry Splayed toes
PIK3CA
Congenital Foot Deformity Females Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Lipomatosis Lymphatic Abnormalities Malformations of Cortical Development Nevus Pregnancy Seizures Syndrome
1
(48.8%)
15039980
Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: seven cases including two with unusual cerebral manifestations.
Giuliano F, David A, Edery P, Sigaudy S, Bonneau D, Cormier-Daire V, Philip N.
Am J Med Genet A. 2004;126A(1):99-103.
Macrocephaly Toe syndactyly
Adult Brain Child Child, Preschool Craniofacial Abnormalities Fatal Outcome Females Homo sapiens Infant Infant, Newborn Intellectual Disability Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Skin Abnormalities Syndactyly Syndrome Telangiectasis
4
(48.3%)
12001190
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of frontonasal dysplasia.
Martinelli P, Russo R, Agangi A, Paladini D.
Prenat Diagn. 2002;22(5):375-9.
Median cleft lip Cranium bifidum occultum
ALX3
Abortion, Eugenic Adult Brain Craniofacial Dysostosis Females Gestational Age Homo sapiens Male Nose Pregnancy Ultrasonography, Prenatal
5
(47.5%)
23794269
Duplication of AKT3 as a cause of macrocephaly in duplication 1q43q44.
Wang D, Zeesman S, Tarnopolsky MA, Nowaczyk MJ.
Am J Med Genet A. 2013;161A(8):2016-9.
Macrocephaly Short philtrum
AKT3
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Developmental Disabilities Females Gene Duplication Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Intellectual Disability Macrocephaly Phenotype Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
6
(46.3%)
7625436
Agenesis of the corpus callosum and Dandy-Walker malformation associated with hemimegalencephaly in the sebaceous nevus syndrome.
Dodge NN, Dobyns WB.
Am J Med Genet. 1995;56(2):147-50.
Dandy-Walker malformation Hemihypertrophy
Brain Dandy-Walker Syndrome Facial Neoplasms Females Hamartoma Homo sapiens Infant, Newborn Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nevus Sebaceous Glands Syndrome
6
(46.3%)
1902803
Hemimegalencephaly: diagnosis and treatment.
Trounce JQ, Rutter N, Mellor DH.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1991;33(3):261-6.
Macrocephaly Hemihypertrophy
Adult Child Child, Preschool Dominance, Cerebral Epilepsies, Partial Facial Hemiatrophy Follow-Up Studies Homo sapiens Male Neurologic Examination
8
(45.7%)
18611208
Progressive hemispheric shrinking in hemimegalencephaly: a possible role for seizure-related neuronal loss.
Becherini F, Pisano T, Castagna M, Iannelli A, Guerrini R.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50(7):553-7.
Seizure Hemiatrophy
Cell Death Child Electroencephalography Females Functional Laterality Hemispherectomy Homo sapiens Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neuroaxonal Dystrophies Seizures
8
(45.7%)
11358015
Desmoplastic neuroepithelial tumor of infancy in the nevus sebaceus syndrome: report of a unique constellation and review of the literature.
Kopniczky Z, Kobor J, Maraz A, Vajtai I.
Pathol Res Pract. 2001;197(4):279-84.
Seizure Hemiatrophy
Astrocytoma Child Epilepsy Females Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Hamartoma Homo sapiens Immunohistochemistry Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms Sebaceous Glands Supratentorial Neoplasms Syndrome
8
(45.7%)
8214333
A case of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) with anatomical cerebral asymmetry and myoclonus.
Ogihara M, Kinoue K, Takamiya H, Nemoto S, Miyajima T, Hoshika A, Honda T, Takashima S, Genton P, Dravet C, et al..
Brain Dev. 1993;15(2):133-9.
Myoclonus Hemiatrophy
Brain Electroencephalography Females Homo sapiens Infant Magnetic Resonance Imaging Myoclonic Epilepsy Syndrome X-Ray Computed Tomography
        

Phenotype(s) retrieved from Orphanet

    Total: 0

HPO ID Term Frequency


Phenotype(s) retrieved from case reports

    Total: 59

HPO ID Term # of case reports
HP:0001250 Seizures 42
HP:0001528 Hemihypertrophy 16
HP:0001548 Overgrowth 9
HP:0003764 Nevus 6
HP:0001269 Hemiparesis 5
HP:0001302 Pachygyria 5
HP:0002539 Cortical dysplasia 5
HP:0032046 Focal cortical dysplasia 5
HP:0000238 Hydrocephalus 4
HP:0002133 Status epilepticus 4
HP:0010817 Linear nevus sebaceous 3
HP:0012032 Lipoma 3
HP:0000324 Facial asymmetry 2
HP:0002059 Cerebral atrophy 2
HP:0002119 Ventriculomegaly 2
HP:0002171 Gliosis 2
HP:0007109 Periventricular cysts 2
HP:0010816 Epidermal nevus 2
HP:0011215 Hemihypsarrhythmia 2
HP:0012847 Epilepsia partialis continua 2
HP:0200134 Epileptic encephalopathy 2
HP:0000099 Glomerulonephritis 1
HP:0000138 Ovarian cyst 1
HP:0000256 Macrocephaly 1
HP:0000267 Cranial asymmetry 1
HP:0000360 Tinnitus 1
HP:0000568 Microphthalmia 1
HP:0000639 Nystagmus 1
HP:0000822 Hypertension 1
HP:0000956 Acanthosis nigricans 1
HP:0000965 Cutis marmorata 1
HP:0001009 Telangiectasia 1
HP:0001028 Hemangioma 1
HP:0001254 Lethargy 1
HP:0001274 Agenesis of corpus callosum 1
HP:0001298 Encephalopathy 1
HP:0001305 Dandy-Walker malformation 1
HP:0001336 Myoclonus 1
HP:0001770 Toe syndactyly 1
HP:0002045 Hypothermia 1
HP:0002060 Abnormality of the cerebrum 1
HP:0002301 Hemiplegia 1
HP:0002373 Febrile seizures 1
HP:0002536 Abnormal cortical gyration 1
HP:0002617 Dilatation 1
HP:0002678 Skull asymmetry 1
HP:0006934 Congenital nystagmus 1
HP:0007359 Focal-onset seizure 1
HP:0009716 Subependymal nodules 1
HP:0009717 Cortical tubers 1
HP:0010442 Polydactyly 1
HP:0010566 Hamartoma 1
HP:0025104 Capillary malformation 1
HP:0025356 Psychomotor retardation 1
HP:0031274 Hypovolemic shock 1
HP:0040197 Encephalomalacia 1
HP:0100543 Cognitive impairment 1
HP:0100555 Asymmetric growth 1
HP:0100556 Hemiatrophy 1


Causative gene(s) retrieved from Orphanet

    Total: 2

Gene Symbol Gene Name Entrez Gene ID
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha 5290
AKT3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 10000