Hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis is a severe and challenging fetal condition usually defined as the excessive accumulation of fetal fluid within the fetal extravascular compartments and body cavities that manifests as edema, pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites. It is the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders. The cause may be immunologic (immune hydrops fetalis, IHF) or non immunologic (non-immune hydrops fetalis, NIHF), depending on the presence or absence of maternal antibodies against fetal red cell antigens (ABO incompatibility or rhesus (Rh) incompatibility).

Proteinuria

Increased levels of protein in the urine.

Total: 3

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PMID (PMCID)
25388407	MIXED_SAMPLE	Infant, Newborn
	Transaldolase deficiency caused by the homozygous p.R192C mutation of the TALDO1 gene in four Emirati patients with considerable phenotypic variability.
	Al-Shamsi AM, Ben-Salem S, Hertecant J, Al-Jasmi F. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174(5):661-8.
	The patients had variable clinical presentations including hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, liver failure, proteinuria, hydrops fetalis, cardiomyopathy, and skin manifestations (e.g., dryness, cutis laxa, ichthyosis, telangiectasias, and hemangiomas).
22401877	FEMALE	Adult
	Placental expression of anti-angiogenic proteins in mirror syndrome: a case report.
	Graham N, Garrod A, Bullen P, Heazell AE. Placenta. 2012;33(6):528-31.
	Mirror syndrome is a rare disorder in which fetal hydrops is associated with maternal oedema, proteinuria and hypertension.
17666658	FEMALE	Adult
	Mirror syndrome: a novel approach to therapy with fetal peritoneal-amniotic shunt.
	Livingston JC, Malik KM, Crombleholme TM, Lim FY, Sibai BM. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(2 Pt 2):540-3.
	In mirror syndrome, there is maternal hypertension, edema, and often proteinuria in association with fetal hydrops.