Budd-Chiari syndrome

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is caused by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow involving either the hepatic veins or the terminal segment of the inferior vena cava.

Vaginismus

Recurrent or persistent involuntary spasms of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with vaginal penetration, and which causes personal distress.


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(per page)
PMID (PMCID)
28256911
 FEMALE Young Adult
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in a patient with primary Budd-Chiari syndrome: a contraceptive challenge.
Friedmann I, Balayla J.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2017;22(2):152-155.
In this report, we describe the unique case of a 21 year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and Budd-Chiari syndrome, as well as severe vaginismus and cervical stenosis, in need of contraception.