Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemias are chronic hemolytic diseases that may induce three types of acute accidents: severe anemia, severe bacterial infections, and ischemic vasoocclusive accidents (VOA) caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing small blood vessels and capillaries. Many diverse complications can occur.

Right-to-left shunt

Pattern of blood flow in the heart that deviates from the normal circuit of the circulatory system from the right side of the heart to the left.

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PMID (PMCID)
27740993	MALE	Middle Aged
	Ultrasound in Neurology.
	Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016;22(5, Neuroimaging):1655-1677.
	Other standard applications of neurosonology include detection of vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, selection of appropriate candidates for blood transfusion among patients with sickle cell anemia (primary stroke prevention), right-to-left shunt testing, emboli detection, vasomotor reactivity assessment, and noninvasive confirmation of cerebral circulatory arrest.