Sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemias are chronic hemolytic diseases that may induce three types of acute accidents: severe anemia, severe bacterial infections, and ischemic vasoocclusive accidents (VOA) caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing small blood vessels and capillaries. Many diverse complications can occur.

Epiretinal membrane

An epiretinal membrane is a thin sheet of fibrous tissue that can develop on the surface of the macular area of the retina and cause a disturbance in vision. An epiretinal membrane area can develop on the thin macular area of the retin. An epiretinal membrane is also sometimes called a macular pucker, premacular fibrosis, surface wrinkling retinopathy or cellophane maculopathy.

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PMID (PMCID)
3813952	MALE	Adult
	Epiretinal membranes in sickle cell retinopathy.
	Carney MD, Jampol LM. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105(2):214-7.
	We examined the hospital records (including fundus photographs) of 769 patients (1486 eyes) with sickle cell disease from June 1978 to July 1985 for evidence of epiretinal membranes in the macula (51 eyes) or extramacular region (four eyes) of the posterior pole.
3813952	MALE	Adult
	Epiretinal membranes in sickle cell retinopathy.
	Carney MD, Jampol LM. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987;105(2):214-7.
	Epiretinal membranes are a relatively common cause of maculopathy in patients with sickle cell disease.