Trisomy 1q is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, resulting from the partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 1, with a highly variable phenotype principally characterized by intellectual disability, short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism (incl. macro/microcephaly, prominent forehead, posteriorly rotated, low-set ears, abnormal palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, broad, flat nasal bridge, high-arched palate, micro/retrognathia), cardiac defects and urogenital anomalies. Patients may also present cerebral (e.g. ventriculomegaly) and gastrointestinal malformations, as well as dystonic tremor and recurrent respiratory tract infections.

Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).