Congenital rubella syndrome

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is an infectious embryofetopathy that may present in an infant as a result of maternal infection and subsequent fetal infection with rubella virus. CRS can lead to deafness, cataract, and variety of other permanent manifestations including cardiac and neurological defects.

Patent ductus arteriosus

In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.

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PMID (PMCID)
16084344	MALE	Adult
	Aortic hypoplasia and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a young man with uncontrolled hypertension.
	Ho E, Foley DP, Brown A. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(8):883.
	A possible unifying diagnosis, with the combination of aortic hypoplasia, pulmonary artery stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and cataracts, was believed to have been congenital rubella syndrome.
3822869	FEMALE	Infant
	Severe subaortic stenosis associated with congenital rubella syndrome: palliation by percutaneous transcatheter device occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus.
	Moore JW, Mullins CE. Pediatr Cardiol. 1986;7(4):221-3.
	Severe subaortic stenosis associated with congenital rubella syndrome: palliation by percutaneous transcatheter device occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus.