Constriction rings syndrome is a congenital limb malformation disorder with an extremely variable clinical presentation characterized by the presence of partial to complete, congenital, fibrous, circumferential, constriction bands/rings on any part of the body, although a particular predilection for the upper or lower extremities is seen. Phenotypes range from only a mild skin indentation to complete amputation of parts of the fetus (e.g. digits, distal limb). Compression from the rings may lead to edema, skeletal anomalies (e.g. fractures, foot deformities) and, infrequently, neural compromise.
Amniotic bands as a cause of congenital anterior staphyloma.
Schramm C, Rohrbach JM, Reinert S, Mau-Holzmann UA, Aisenbrey S, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Besch D. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;251(3):959-65.
This is the first report on an association of these two rare complex congenital malformations, congenital anterior staphyloma and amniotic band syndrome.