Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of an interventricular communication, also known as a ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Missing ribs

A developmental anomaly with absence of one or more ribs.


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PMID (PMCID)
18703879
 MIXED_SAMPLE Infant, Newborn
Nonneural congenital abnormalities concurring with myelomeningocele: report of 17 cases and review of current theories.
Baradaran N, Ahmadi H, Nejat F, El Khashab M, Mahdavi A.
Pediatr Neurosurg. 2008;44(5):353-9.
There were 3 cardiac anomalies including ventricular septal defect, pulmonary artery atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, 4 musculoskeletal malformations, consisting of missing rib, polydactylia and complex distal limb anomaly, 4 urological anomalies such as bladder exstrophy, horseshoe kidney and dysplastic kidneys, 2 occipital encephaloceles, 2 congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients with ambiguous genitalia, 1 omphalocele, 1 albinism and 1 Klippel-Feil syndrome.