Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of an interventricular communication, also known as a ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Right ventricular hypertrophy

In this case the right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen on anterior- posterior chest x-rays. Right ventricular hypertrophy is commonly associated with any form of right ventricular outflow obstruction or pulmonary hypertension, which may in turn owe its origin to left-sided disease. The echocardiographic signs are thickening of the anterior right ventricular wall and the septum. Cavity size is usually normal, or slightly enlarged. In many cases there is associated volume overload present due to tricuspid regurgitation, in the absence of this, septal motion is normal.


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PMID (PMCID)
24473430
 MALE
An extraordinary survival at the age of 67 years in an unoperated case tetralogy of Fallot presenting as systemic hypertension despite RV dysfunction.
Prakash SS, Sharma R, Agrawal N, Shankar S.
BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic congenital heart disease characterised by a tetrad of four anomalies including ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, over-riding of aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy with high incidence of infant and early childhood mortality with middle age survival less than 5%.
24778798
(4001429)
 OTHER
Imaging findings in uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries and septic embolism.
Dobrocky T, Klink T, Weisstanner C, Heverhagen J, Christe A.
Acta Radiol Short Rep. 2014;3(1):2047981613515211.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common congenital heart malformations comprising a ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta.
22176554
 MALE Adult
Unrepaired tetralogy of fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in an adult patient.
Antonetti I, Lorch D, Coe B, Maxey TS, Nallamshetty L, Dadlani GH, Berlowitz MS, Cohen AJ, Guglin ME.
Congenit Heart Dis. 2013;8(1):E24-30.
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by a ventricular septal defect, a large, overriding aorta, subpulmonic stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
19717356
 MALE Middle Aged
Uncorrected pink tetralogy of Fallot in an adult patient: incidental CT findings.
Siriapisith T, Wasinrat J, Tresukosol D.
J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010;4(1):58-61.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), one of the most common congenital heart diseases, has four major components: right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, membranous ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
17215642
 MALE
Uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot in an 86-year-old patient.
Alonso A, Downey BC, Kuvin JT.
Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007;16(1):38-41.
Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed infundibular pulmonic stenosis with a ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, findings consistent with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot.
16100475
 MALE Adult
Stress-induced right ventricular ischemia in recurrent pulmonary outflow stenosis in repaired tetralogy of fallot.
Gupta R, Rahman AM, Vijayakumar V.
Clin Nucl Med. 2005;30(9):596-7.
We report a case of right ventricular ischemia secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy from recurrent right ventricular outflow tract stenosis in a patient with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
12698517
 MALE Adult
Echocardiographic features of adult tetralogy of Fallot with natural palliative correction by patent ductus arteriosus.
Sokol I, Vincelj J, Kirin M.
Croat Med J. 2003;44(2):234-8.
We diagnosed adult tetralogy of Fallot, which included all four characteristic anomalies: ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
11432800
 FEMALE Child
Bisoprolol treatment for cyanotic spells--a 69-year-old female with uncorrected pentalogy of Fallot.
Anders HJ, Fuchshuber S.
Eur J Med Res. 2001;6(6):275-6.
Pentalogy of Fallot is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by biventricular origin of the aorta above a large ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the pulmonary outflow, right ventricular hypertrophy (tetralogy of Fallot), and an atrial septal defect.
8199815
 OTHER
[Anesthetic management of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve--a case report].
Lee Y, Wei TT, Chiu IS.
Acta Anaesthesiol Sin. 1994;32(1):69-72.
Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by a VSD, overriding of the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary stenosis.