Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of an interventricular communication, also known as a ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Vascular ring

A developmental defect of the aortic arch system in which the trachea and esophagus are completely encircled by connected segments of the aortic arch and its branches. This occurs if the normal process of regression and persistence of the bilateral embryonic aortic arches fails.

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PMID (PMCID)
25593538	FEMALE	Infant, Newborn
	Importance of absent ductus arteriosus in tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome.
	Qureshi MY, Burkhart HM, Julsrud P, Cetta F. Tex Heart Inst J. 2014;41(6):664-7.
	Both patients had a combination of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and right aortic arch with retroesophageal left subclavian artery without a vascular ring.
7899124	MIXED_SAMPLE	Infant, Newborn
	Pediatric intrathoracic large airway obstruction: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
	Sagy M, Silver P, Nimkoff L, Zahtz G, Amato JJ, Bierman FZ. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1994;10(6):351-8.
	The patients were a four month old with bronchial cartilage hypoplasia presenting as congenital lobar emphysema; a one month old with segmental bronchomalacia; a one month old with tracheal bronchus; a two day old and a seven month old with aneurysmal distension of the pulmonary arteries secondary to tetralogy of Fallot, with absent pulmonary valve and atrioventricular canal with pulmonary poststenotic dilatation, respectively; a three year old with double aortic arch forming a vascular ring; and a three month old with tracheomalacia from tracheoesophageal fistula.
1845646	MIXED_SAMPLE	Infant, Newborn
	[Di George syndrome].
	Urrejola P, Cattani A, Heusser F, Talesnik E. Rev Chil Pediatr. 1991;62(6):381-5.
	Their main clinical symptoms were hypocalcemic convulsions, unusual facies (hyperthelorism, low set prominent ears, micrognathia, short philtrum) and cardiac malformations (vascular ring with right aortic arc, aberrant left innominated artery and ligamentum arteriosus in one of them and Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve atresia in the other).
3628069	MIXED_SAMPLE	Infant
	Surgical management in tetralogy of Fallot and vascular ring.
	Virdi IS, Keeton BR, Shore DF, Monro JL. Pediatr Cardiol. 1987;8(2):131-4.
	The management of three infants born with a combination of tetralogy of Fallot and a vascular ring causing tracheoesophageal compression is described.