Goldenhar syndrome (GS), also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia (OAV), is a rare developmental syndrome characterized by a classic triad of mandibular hypoplasia resulting in facial asymmetry, ear and/or eye malformations, and vertebral anomalies.
A genital phenotype that is not clearly assignable to a single gender. Ambiguous genitalia can be evaluated using the Prader scale: Prader 0: Normal female external genitalia. Prader 1: Female external genitalia with clitoromegaly. Prader 2: Clitoromegaly with partial labial fusion forming a funnel-shaped urogenital sinus. Prader 3: Increased phallic enlargement. Complete labioscrotal fusion forming a urogenital sinus with a single opening. Prader 4: Complete scrotal fusion with urogenital opening at the base or on the shaft of the phallus. Prader 5: Normal male external genitalia. The diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia is made for Prader 1-4.
Prenatal diagnosis of Goldenhar syndrome with unusual features by 3D ultrasonography.
Guzelmansur I, Ceylaner G, Ceylaner S, Ceylan N, Daplan T. Genet Couns. 2013;24(3):319-25.
Postnatal evaluation also revealed ambiguous genitalia and club feet in addition to the prenatally and postnatally diagnosed classical Goldenhar syndrome features like hemifacial microsomia, preauricular and facial skin tags, coloboma of eyelids, epibulbar dermoid.
