Goldenhar syndrome (GS), also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia (OAV), is a rare developmental syndrome characterized by a classic triad of mandibular hypoplasia resulting in facial asymmetry, ear and/or eye malformations, and vertebral anomalies.
In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.
Sleep apnea associated with congenital diseases and moderate hypertrophy of tonsils.
Suzuki K, Yamamoto S, Ito Y, Baba S. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1996;523:225-7.
The first patient was a 4-year-old girl with Fallot's tetralogy, the second was a 6-year-old girl with Goldenhar syndrome and ventricular septal defect, aortic stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus, and the third was a 3-year-old boy with cerebral palsy and epilepsy.
