Eisenmenger syndrome

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) is a form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with unoperated congenital heart disease and is characterized by congenital heart malformations with reversed or bi-directional shunting through an intra-cardiac or intervascular (usually aorto-pulmonary) communication with the development of PAH.

Left-to-right shunt

Pattern of blood flow in the heart that deviates from the normal circuit of the circulatory system from the left side of the heart to the right.

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PMID (PMCID)
28651656	MALE	Child
	Operable patent ductus arteriosus even with differential cyanosis: a case of patent ductus arteriosus and mitral stenosis.
	Gupta A, Kothari SS. Cardiol Young. 2017;27(9):1845-1848.
	Patients with patent ductus arteriosus and significant left-to-right shunt develop Eisenmenger syndrome at an early age and are not operable after development of irreversible pulmonary artery hypertension.