Glucagonoma

Glucagonoma is a rare, functioning type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET; see this term) that hypersecretes glucagon, leading to a syndrome comprised of necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes mellitus, anemia, weight loss, mucosal abnormalities, thromboembolism, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Glucose intolerance

Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

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PMID (PMCID)
20499510	FEMALE	Adult
	[Glucagonoma without glucagonoma syndrome].
	Colovic R, Matic S, Micev M, Grubor N, Latincic S. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2010;138(3-4):244-7.
	They usually secrete large amounts of glucagon that can cause a characteristic "glucagonoma syndrome", which includes necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance or diabetes, weight loss and sometimes, normochromic normocytic anaemia, stomatitis or cheilitis, diarrhoea or other digestive symptoms, thoromboembolism, hepatosplenomegaly, depression or other psychiatric and paraneoplastic symptoms.
11836542	FEMALE	Middle Aged
	Necrolytic migratory erythema associated with glucagonoma syndrome: a case report.
	Dal Coleto CC, de Mello AP, Piquero-Casals J, Lima FR, Vilela MA, Festa-Neto C, Sanches JA Jr. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2001;56(6):183-8.
	It usually occurs in patients with an alpha islet cell tumor of the pancreas-or glucagonoma-and when associated with glucose intolerance, anemia, hyperglucagonemia, and weight loss defines the glucagonoma syndrome.
11836542	FEMALE	Middle Aged
	Necrolytic migratory erythema associated with glucagonoma syndrome: a case report.
	Dal Coleto CC, de Mello AP, Piquero-Casals J, Lima FR, Vilela MA, Festa-Neto C, Sanches JA Jr. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo. 2001;56(6):183-8.
	It usually occurs in patients with an alpha islet cell tumor of the pancreas-or glucagonoma-and when associated with glucose intolerance, anemia, hyperglucagonemia, and weight loss defines the glucagonoma syndrome.
9201330	MALE	Adult
	[Glucagonoma: case report and literature review].
	das Neves MM, Martins Junior EV, Gaburri AK, Chebli JM, Stavale JN, Herani Filho AK. Arq Gastroenterol. 1996;33(3):167-72.
	Glucagonoma is a neuroendocrine tumor of pancreatic alpha cells manifested by necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonemia, glucose intolerance, weight loss, anemia and hypopaminoacidemia.
9201330	MALE	Adult
	[Glucagonoma: case report and literature review].
	das Neves MM, Martins Junior EV, Gaburri AK, Chebli JM, Stavale JN, Herani Filho AK. Arq Gastroenterol. 1996;33(3):167-72.
	We report a case of glucagonoma in a 38 years-old patient diagnosed by the presence of a pancreatic tumor, liver metastasis, weight loss, glucose intolerance, necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonemia (1400 pg/ml; normal < 200 pg/ml) and histologic demonstration of glucagon and neurospecific enolase by immunocytochemical reaction.
2848156	FEMALE	Adult
	Glucagonoma presenting as morbid obesity.
	Martin FM, Hamilton W, Dons R, Cashell AW, Ghosh BC. J Surg Oncol. 1988;39(4):256-9.
	The criteria for diagnosis of glucagonoma are 1) the presence of a glucagon-secreting tumor, 2) hyperglucagonemia, and 3) the clinical manifestations of either necrolytic migratory erythema, glucose intolerance, or hypoaminoacidemia.
6092443	FEMALE	Middle Aged
	Glucagonoma syndrome: case report and literature review.
	Parker CM, Hanke CW, Madura JA, Liss EC. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1984;10(11):884-9.
	The glucagonoma syndrome is characterized by dermatitis, glucose intolerance, hypoaminoacidemia, and hyperglucagonemia secondary to an alpha-cell tumor of the pancreas.
6269242	MALE	Middle Aged
	Operative and chemotherapeutic management of malignant glucagon-producing tumors.
	Prinz RA, Badrinath K, Banerji M, Sparagana M, Dorsch TR, Lawrence AM. Surgery. 1981;90(4):713-9.
	Two patients are described in whom the characteristic dermatitis, glucose intolerance, weight loss, and anemia of the glucagonoma syndrome were due to a metastasizing islet cell carcinoma.