Refractory anemia

Refractory cytopenias with unilineage dysplasia (RCUD) is a frequent low-risk subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; see this term) characterized by refractory cytopenias associated with dysplasia limited to one cell lineage.

Pancytopenia

An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).


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PMID (PMCID)
22310639
 FEMALE
Severe nonfebrile dengue infection in an adolescent after postoperative kidney transplantation: a case report.
Tangnararatchakit K, Tirapanich W, Tapaneya-Olarn W, Sumethkul V, Sirachainan N, Watcharananan S, Leenanupunth C, Yoksan S, Chuansumrit A.
Transplant Proc. 2012;44(1):303-6.
She exhibited hemophagocytic syndrome, manifested by refractory pancytopenia and refractory anemia resulting in hypovolemic shock and acute graft failure on day 28 posttransplantation.
15005345
 MALE
Spontaneous remission of Epstein-Barr virus-negative non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after withdrawal of cyclosporine in a patient with refractory anemia.
Ogata M, Kikuchi H, Ono K, Ohtsuka E, Gamachi A, Kashima K, Nasu M.
Int J Hematol. 2004;79(2):161-4.
A 70-year-old man presented with pancytopenia in August 2000, and the results of a bone marrow examination performed in January 2001 confirmed the diagnosis of refractory anemia.
14755379
 MALE Middle Aged
Unexplained bone marrow granulomas: is amiodarone the culprit? A report of 2 cases.
Mukhopadhyay S, Mukhopadhyay S, Abraham NZ Jr, Jones LA, Howard L, Gajra A.
Am J Hematol. 2004;75(2):110-2.
We report two cases of amiodarone-induced bone marrow granulomas in patients being investigated for refractory anemia and pancytopenia, respectively.
12784657
 MALE
[Late appearance of Philadelphia chromosome with the p190 BCR/ABL chimeric transcript in acute myelogenous leukemia progressing from myelodysplastic syndrome].
Kakihana K, Mizuchi D, Yamaguchi M, Sakashita C, Fukuda T, Yamamoto K, Miki T, Murakami N, Miura O.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 2003;44(4):242-8.
In July 1997, the patient was found to have pancytopenia caused by refractory anemia with excess of blasts, which evolved into AML in 4 months.
12722343
 FEMALE Middle Aged
[Therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M6) with add(11) (q23) and del(20) (q11.2) developing via myelodysplastic syndrome after chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma].
Kawakami K, Watanabe Y, Kadowaki S.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 2003;44(3):168-73.
Four months later, the myelodysplastic syndrome of RA (refractory anemia) with pancytopenia developed and rapidly progressed to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML-M6) in 4 months.
12013670
 MIXED_SAMPLE Infant
Myelodysplastic syndrome following therapy for brain tumor--two case reports.
Sugiyama K, Kurisu K, Arita K, Taniguchi E, Okamura T, Itoh Y, Yamasaki F, Kajiwara Y, Ueda H, Sakai A.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2002;42(4):170-4.
They developed refractory anemia and pancytopenia.
12013670
 MIXED_SAMPLE Infant
Myelodysplastic syndrome following therapy for brain tumor--two case reports.
Sugiyama K, Kurisu K, Arita K, Taniguchi E, Okamura T, Itoh Y, Yamasaki F, Kajiwara Y, Ueda H, Sakai A.
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2002;42(4):170-4.
The most common symptom of MDS is refractory anemia, either alone or as part of bi- or pancytopenia.
11021176
 MALE Adult
[A case of intestinal Behcet's disease with abnormal ossification complicated by myelodysplastic syndrome, symptoms revealed after the perforation of ileum ulcer].
Tanaka E, Nishinarita M, Uesato M, Kamatani N.
Ryumachi. 2000;40(4):711-8.
Because he showed gradually pancytopenia for several months after the operation, bone marrow aspiration was performed and a diagnosis of refractory anemia, a type of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), with trisomy of chromosome 8 was made.
9973642
 MALE Adult
Human parvovirus B19 capsid antigen in granulocytes in parvovirus-B19-induced pancytopenia after bone marrow transplantation.
Kobayashi S, Maruta A, Yamamoto T, Katayama N, Higuchi R, Sakano Y, Fujita H, Koharazawa H, Tomita N, Taguchi J, Kodama F, Nakamura Y, Shimizu A.
Acta Haematol. 1998;100(4):195-9.
A patient with refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation developed pancytopenia and a concurrent interstitial pneumonia 110 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
9389371
 FEMALE Middle Aged
Sequential development of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia but with no karyotypic evolution after autografting in a patient with Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Saso R, Zomas A, Hamblin M, Dunlop L, Swansbury GJ, Min T, Singhal S, Powles R, Treleaven J, Mehta J.
Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;26(5-6):625-8.
Moderate pancytopenia developed after 4 months, and myelodysplasia (refractory anemia) was diagnosed which rapidly evolved into AML.
8683869
 MALE
[Refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) with a high level of HbF that preceded apparent pancytopenia].
Matsuda A, Kusumoto S, Ito K, Yokoo H, Maruyama T, Jinnai I, Harano T, Watanabe K, Hirashima K.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 1996;37(1):60-4.
[Refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) with a high level of HbF that preceded apparent pancytopenia].
8178803
 FEMALE Adult
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia).
Tsukada H, Chou T, Ishizuka Y, Ogawa O, Saeki T, Ito S, Wakabayashi M, Hayashi N, Arakawa M.
Am J Hematol. 1994;45(4):325-9.
A diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-refractory anemia (RA) was made by pancytopenia, dysplasia, and trisomy 8.
8312669
 MIXED_SAMPLE Middle Aged
Myelodysplastic syndrome associated with myelofibrosis, a report of 3 cases.
Kamei S, Shinohara K, Oeda E.
Intern Med. 1993;32(8):668-71.
Three cases of primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with myelofibrosis were initially diagnosed as refractory anemia by the presence of bicytopenia or pancytopenia and having normo- or hypercellular marrow with dysplastic features.
1522005
 FEMALE
Whole-body pathologic analysis of a patient with Thorotrast-induced myelodysplasia.
Graham SJ, Heaton RB, Garvin DF, Cotelingam JD.
Health Phys. 1992;63(1):20-6.
The cause of death was gastric hemorrhage complicating pancytopenia secondary to refractory anemia with excess of blasts (myelodysplastic syndrome).
1950362
 MALE Middle Aged
Acute eosinophilic leukemia in a patient with preexistent myelodysplastic syndrome.
Murakawa M, Shibuya T, Taniguchi S, Nakashima K, Okamura T, Harada M, Niho Y.
Acta Haematol. 1991;86(1):42-5.
The patient was initially diagnosed as having refractory anemia (RA) on the basis of pancytopenia with dysplasia and chromosomal abnormalities.
2027240
 MALE Adult
[Coombs negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome].
Tamura S, Konya H, Miyazaki E, Inoue N, Okamoto T, Takemoto Y, Kohsaki M, Kanamaru A, Kakishita E, Nagai K.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 1991;32(2):132-6.
His peripheral blood showed severe pancytopenia and bone marrow findings remained to be compatible with MDS (refractory anemia), but karyotype of bone marrow cells revealed 7 monosomy in 17 of 20 metaphases examined.
2588956
 MALE
Systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with refractory anemia.
Nakayama S, Nakamura F, Yabe H, Nagai K.
Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. 1989;52(6):1072-7.
A 69-year-old man was diagnosed as having refractory anemia (RA), accompanied by pancytopenia of two years' duration, myelodysplasia in all three cell lines, abnormal karyotype of 46, XY, 20q--in bone marrow cells, and positive antinuclear and DNA antibody tests.
2694367
 MALE Middle Aged
[Combined GM-CSF and erythropoietin therapy in myelodysplastic syndrome].
Egli F, Hofer S, Greminger P, Rhyner K.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1989;119(49):1777-80.
A 60-year-old patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) corresponding to refractory anemia with an increase in blast cells (RAEB) was treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO) for severe symptomatic pancytopenia.
272208
 MALE Middle Aged
Conversion of polycythemia vera to refractory anemia with hyperplastic bone marrow.
Mitrou PS, Fischer M, Krehan L, Martin H.
Blut. 1978;36(1):41-5.
Clinical and morphologic findings in the conversion of treated polycythemia vera to pancytopenia with hyperplastic bone marrow (refractory anemia or pancytopenia with hyperplastic bone marrow) are described in light of our own observation.
272208
 MALE Middle Aged
Conversion of polycythemia vera to refractory anemia with hyperplastic bone marrow.
Mitrou PS, Fischer M, Krehan L, Martin H.
Blut. 1978;36(1):41-5.
Clinical and morphologic findings in the conversion of treated polycythemia vera to pancytopenia with hyperplastic bone marrow (refractory anemia or pancytopenia with hyperplastic bone marrow) are described in light of our own observation.