Refractory anemia

Refractory cytopenias with unilineage dysplasia (RCUD) is a frequent low-risk subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; see this term) characterized by refractory cytopenias associated with dysplasia limited to one cell lineage.

Pleural effusion

The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.


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PMID (PMCID)
8655463
 MIXED_SAMPLE Child
High-dose methylprednisolone, low-dose cytosine arabinoside, and mitoxantrone in children with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Hicsonmez G, Tuncer AM, Sayli T, Guler E, Cetin M, Ozbek N, Mufti GJ.
Hematol Pathol. 1995;9(3-4):185-93.
Two patients had refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) with extramedullary infiltration (EMI), one had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with pleural effusion, and one had RAEB.