Refractory anemia

Refractory cytopenias with unilineage dysplasia (RCUD) is a frequent low-risk subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; see this term) characterized by refractory cytopenias associated with dysplasia limited to one cell lineage.

Chronic infection

Presence of a protracted or persistent infection by a pathogen potentially related to an underlying abnormality of the immune system that is not able to clear the infection.


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(per page)
PMID (PMCID)
28573901
 FEMALE Adult
A Case Report of Parvovirus B19 Infection in a Renal Allograft.
Oramas DM, Setty S, Yeldandi V, Cabrera J, Patel T.
Int J Surg Pathol. 2017;25(7):648-651.
Thus, screening for parvovirus B19 is advised in high-risk patients who present with refractory anemia to avoid the complications of a chronic infection associated with the fatal rejection of the transplanted organ.